Armstrong Whitworth Whitley, P5045, Galway Bay, March 1941

On the night of March 11th/12th 1941, the crew of a Whitley patrol bomber from 502 Squadron, Royal Air Force's (RAF),  based at Limavady airfield in County Derry, Northern Ireland, found themselves in difficulty after a long range convoy escort mission over the Atlantic.  Throughout the early morning hours of the 11th/12th, their aircraft was tracked by Irish military and police posts around coast of Galway and Mayo, then overland before crashing into the sea south west of Mutton Island, off the coast of Galway City.

The men of the look out posts recorded what they heard in terms of the sounds of engines, at a direction from the post and the direction they felt it was heading.  These observations and others were passed up the chain of command and in the days that followed the Irish Army would plot a sketch map of the observations.

In the early hours, reports from towns around the city were being fed back to the Army Barracks at Remore in Galway.  The orderly officer, 2/Lt Sheerin advised the men on duty to be on the alert for aircraft.  At about 0230 an aircraft was heard and Sheerin called out the guard detachment and had them load rifles and awaited the aircraft.  This he reported passed over the barracks from the north east.  For the following ten minutes he reported the aircraft circling the vicinity of the barracks.  Weather conditions were such that cloud was low so there was no visibility.  At 0238 it passed over the playing fields and the sound disappeared shortly after.  He appears to have received a call from the Garda before 0300 that an aircraft had crashed in the bay near Mutton Island.  He then detailed an officer and twenty men to go to the Garda Barracks and assist in searching for airmen.  They returned at 0600 with Sgt Harkell.  Just prior to that, two groups of soldiers were sent out, one to the city to assist the Gardai again and another to the west to the Oranmore area.  The latter team arrived back at 0700 hrs with P/O Midgely.

As the morning wore on, the tragedy of the nights events slowly revealed themselves.  

Sgt Harkell had

The Captain of the aircraft, young Pilot Officer Edward Dudley Dear was forced to order his crew to bail out over Galway Bay. Of the five young airmen on the aircraft, only two would survive to the morning. The remaining three were lost either with the aircraft or drowned upon landing.  It was one of six aircraft lost or damaged with the Squadron that month alone.

The aircraft was an Armstrong Whitworth Whitley, a pre-war twin engine bomber that was being relegated to the over water patrol role due to its unsuitability to bombing activities over Europe. This particular aircraft was the Mark V version, powered by two of the famous Rolls Royce Merlin engines.  And it was the aircraft's engines that proved to be its demise on that night in 1941.  This was one of four Whitley aircraft to crash in or close off the shores of neutral Ireland during the early part of the war. 502 Squadron lost three men in similar circumstances in January of 1941 off Donegal, and another thankfully non fatal accident befell the squadron on 30th April 1941.  Indeed, on the same night as the loss of P5045, Whitley H, T4222 of 502 Squadron was ditched at sea between Fanad and Malin Head, but the crew were at least rescued by a passing merchant vessel.  P/O Dear had flown that very aircraft the day before on a short patrol that was abandoned owing to failure of W/T.  A third Whitley that night suffered the loss of an engine but was able to land without loss to the crew.

Hayden Lawford, who passed away in 2013, sent on his findings from the review of the Operations Record Book (ORB) for 502 Squadron. This is held in the UK national Archives in Kew, London:

Interestingly enough the 502 Sqdn ORB indicates that at the time there were problems with the props on the Whitley - there had been one ditching and a return to base with prop problems on 11th March. It is possibly significant that at 12.25 on 12th all 502 Sqdn aircraft were grounded and 3 aircraft sent to Staverton for prop changes, no further ops were undertaken by 502 for the rest of March 1941.

I have checked up on the Convoy situation on the evening of 11th March, and P5045 may have been patrolling out as far as 54N 16W, almost 300nm west of Galway, to escort an outbound convoy, OG55, so fuel could have been low as they would have been airborne for over 9 hours if the crash occurred around 02.30 on the 12th March as quoted, but I am not sure what the endurance of a Whitley would be on this type of patrol. Also they had a head wind on the return leg as the surface winds were moderate ESE.

A damaged copy of the Form 765 Court of Enquiry is found in the AIR81 Casualty File:

"The aircraft was misdirected by a series of H/F and D/F bearings and so became completely lost. The aircraft was at a reasonable height (4000’ or so), bearings were unreliable up to 120 degrees in error.  H/F - D/F bearings are still very unreliable.”

The H/F D/F referred to the High Frequency Direction Finding system the crew relied upon. This equipment was intended to show the operator the direction from which a radio signal was being broadcast.

The ORB for 502 Squadron recorded the following narrative of the mission:
Take off time: 1658
0051 Aldergrove received SOS believed from Whitley O/502. 
0120 Aldergrove confirm SOS.QDM 165.  Arrange with them to start scheme B. 
0028 Aldergrove report Hudson W/206 circling estimated position. 
0247 asked Newtonards to call O/502 on MF/DF. 
0258 over due action. 
0310 passed particulars for Aldergrove to transmit on F.O.6.D. 
1145 informed by Limavady police that crew had landed at Galway. 
1215 Galway police reported P/O Midgley and Sgt. Harkell interned in Irish Free State.  P/O Edwards body brought to Limavady by Ambulance and sent to Shrewsbury for military funeral.

F.O.6D referred to the procedure of contacting the Air Ministry to report an aircraft was an hour overdue.  M/F D/F referred to another system, the Medium Frequency Direction Finding apparatus.

The annotation of O/502 indicates that P5045 was marked with the Squadron codes YG-O on the fuselage sides.

The telegrams in the AIR81/5416 Casualty file indicate that the aircraft was carrying two 450lbs depth charges.  These would have been the Airborne version of the Royal Navy ship borne weapon.

The crew of the aircraft were the five airmen discussed below.  From the limited information in the Squadron ORB, it can be seen that the five men were not a crew that had flown together all that often.  Goodlet had flown his early missions with a Sgt Patterson.

The aircraft's pilot, P/O Edward D Dear 82695, was born on the 5th October 1915 in Croyden, London. His parents were Christine and Dudley Dear. The memorial publication, Croyden and the Second World War, published in 1949, records his residence as 6 Colchester Villas, Stanley Road and that he attended school at Selhurst Grammer School. He was a member of the Old Croydonians Rugby team in 1937-1939.

He enlisted in the RAF in March of 1939 and part took in training in 13 EFTS and later 12 FTS.

He was married to Vera Ward in the summer of 1940 in Camberwell. 

He was posted to 502 Squdaron in August of 1940, coming from 1 (Coastal) Operational Training.

Teddy, as he was known to friends, was posted missing following the loss of Whitley P5045. His remains were never recovered and his name is recorded on the Runnymede memorial.

P/O William Hotchkiss Edwards 81033 was the second pilot on the aircraft and came from the town of Meole Brace, in Shrewsbury. His parents  were Ada and William Hotchiss Edwards and had married in 1909 in the Wolverhampton district with his mothers maiden name being Saunders.  William was born on the 21st June 1918 in the Wem district of Shropshire. His CWGC register entry records that he was a member of the Royal Aeronautical Society (RAeS) and their member ship card shows that he joined the RAeS in February 1938 whilst studying at Chelsea College. The address given at that time was an address on Belle Vue Road, Shrewsbury, where William is found on the 1939 register with this parents. The address details given in his National Probate Calender is The Rocks, Meole Brace, with all his estate left to his father, a retired bank manager. 

Irish newspapers carried the news of the discovery of his remains in the Newvillage area near Barna on  and the actions taken by the authorities to move his body to Northern Ireland.  

F/lt W H Peirce, the Medical Officer at RAF Limavady provided the following report to the station commander on the 16th of March 1941.
Sir,

I have the honour to report that in accordance with instructions I proceeded yesterday to Belcoo to receive the body of P/O Edwards from the Eireann Army Authorites.   Our party arrived at 2200 hours to be informed that the cortege would not be leaving Carrick-on-Shannon until 2200 hours.

On telephoning to find the reason I was told that owing to the ceremony accorded the cortege as it passed through the town of Galway they were unable to proceed until after 1700 hours.  The Officer Commanding the party assured me that he was leaving as soon as possible, and they arrived eventually at 2230 hours.

The coffin was transferred to our ambulance, the Union Jack with which it had been draped being handed back to the Eireann authorities who were represented by Capt. O'Higgins of the Eireann Army.

I should like to take this opportunity of bringing to your notice the splendid courtesy extended throughout by the Eireann authorities in this matter. They were sympathetic and helpful to a marked degree, and in this connection also I would like to
mention the help accorded our party by the police authorities from both sides of the border.

William is buried with his parents in Shrewsbury General Cemetery in a family grave. His father passed away in 1952 and his mother in 1957. They are in a family plot and thus there is no Commonwealth War Graves Commission headstone.  His fathers death notice in 1952 mentioned him being the father of Marjorie, George and Billy.

In the immediate aftermath of the crash, letters to William's family provided D A E Midgely's name as a contact they could communicate with.

His name appeared printed in many UK newspapers on and around the 16 and 17 March 1941, in articles usually stating:
EIRE HONOURS RAF CRASH VICTIM
Flying Officer William H Edwards of the RAF whose plane crashed into Galway Bay, Eire on Wednesday was accorded full military honours when the coffin left Galway on Saturday on its journey to the Northern Ireland border.
There it will be handed over to the British authorities.

At the inquest earlier in the day a verdict of 'Death from exposure was recorded'

Flying Officer Edwards was believed to have been the only occupant of the plane. His body was found by a little girl on the sand at Barna, County Galway

No relatives of Sgt Stanley David Sutherland Goodlet, 973901, have been traced at this time. He was son of David Bell Goodlet and Jessie Jane Goodlet and was born on the 20 May, 1920 in Edinburgh.  His father was a Great War veteran of the Royal Engineers and in 1941 was serving as a Sergeant in the 248/249 Coastal Battery of the Royal Artillery. 

Stanley joined the RAF in December 1939.  After initial training he posted to No. 2 Electrical and Wireless School in March 1940.  Completion of training in wireless there was followed by a month at No. 9 Bombing and Gunnery School and then a posting to 1 (Coastal) Operational Training Unit.  His posting to 502 Squadron is dated 24th of October 1940 and he remained there until his disappearance.

A short notice of his death was published on 24th May 1941 in the Edinburgh Evening News, accompanied by a small portrait photo.

As late as may 1977 the death notice of his mother recorded she was "mother of the late Stanley".  There does not seem to have been any siblings.

Stanley was at one time commemorated in Oranmore following the recovery of a set of remains on a beach at Mweeloon townland, near Oranmore on the 15th April 1941.  These were recorded on a death regsiter entry as an unknown airman.  On the body the only items of identification found were a wrist watch, a tie and the collar of a shirt.  Such were the condition of the remains, they buried next day in Oranmore Old Cemetery.  The only effects retained from the remains were a tie, shirt collar and a chromium plated wrist watch. The body was buried in the clothes it was found in.  The tie recovered had a makers marking from William Gilchrist, 101 Lothian Road, Edinburgh and this appears to have caused the war office to determine that the remains were that of Stanley Goodlet.  In addition, Harkell and Midgely advised the Air ministry in the Autumn of 1941 that Stanley was the second man to bale out and it was thought this was between Rinville point and Salthill.

This conclusion was advised to the Wargraves Commission but not to the Air Ministry.  In 1953, Stanley's father through correspondence with people in Galway, learned for the first time that his sons remains were apparently buried there. 

Despite much correspondence however between the Irish and UK authorities it was determined in 1953 that the remains could not be firmly identified as those of Stanley.  His father was only informed in 1953 that remains, believed to be that of his son were buried in Galway twelve years previously, but following the review of matters, it could no longer be determined that the remains found actually were Stanley.  Thus the grave was marked as an Airman, Known unto God".

In May 1963, this set of remains was exhumed and transferred to the military plot in Grangegorman Military Cemetery in Dublin where they remain marked as unknown.

The two survivors, Sergeants Harkell and Midgley remained in internment until October 1943 when they both were released in the first Allied batch of  airmen to be officially, but quietly, released by the Irish authorities. They arrived in Stranraer on October 19th, 1943. They filed two very short escape and evasion reports which are now in the UK National Archives. P/O Midgley's statement, which is referred to in Sgt Harkell's report, states simply:

1. Internment.
Whilst on convoy escort duty, S.W. of EIRE on 12 Mar 1941 our port propeller broke. We were trying to make our own ground in NORTHERN IRELAND when the starboard engine failed and we were ordered to jump.

I came down in GALWAY BAY and swam ashore, and the following day was interned in THE CURRAGH CAMP.

Escape Attempts
In the two escape attempts of Feb and Aug 1942 I was not successful in getting out of the camp.

P/O David Arnold Eric Midgley 60328 (Observer/Navigator) was born in 1913 to Emile and Horace Midgley.
He gave his profession as production engineer and had joined the RAF in April 1939.  The Coventry Evening Telegraph of 20 Mar 1941 published the following article after his internment: 

INTERNED IN EIRE
A well-known Coventry cricketer and footballer, Pilot-Officer David Arnold Eric Midgley, son of Mr. and Mrs. H. Midgley, formerly of 122, Churchill Avenue, is reported to have been interned in Eire, having escaped by parachute when his 'plane came down in the sea.

Midgley, who is 27, was married last September. Before the war, he was employed in the material control department of the Lockheed Hydraulic Brake Company, of Leamington. He joined the R.A.F Volunteer Reserve in March, 1939.  Educated at Bablake School, he played Rugby football for the Old Wheatleyans' club.  As a cricketer, he turned out for the Foleshill Albions and Rover clubs, and was at one time secretary of the Coventry Works League.

Following his release, the now promoted Flight Lieutenant David Midgley returned to active duty and in late 1944 joined number 201 Squadron flying Sunderland flying boats out of the base at Lough Erne in Northern Ireland.

His family were able to provide the above scans of telegrams received by his late mother during his internment in Ireland. The upper one reports to her that he has returned to England in October 1943, and the lower telegram, sent in March 1941 states - Reported safe and interned in Eire . Letter follows. Any further information received will be immediately communicated to you. His mother has been informed.

He remained in the RAF after the war, transferring from the RAF Volunteer Reserve to the RAF in 1949. He later transferred to the Equipment Branch and retired with the rank of Squadron Leader in 1961. David passed away in Oxford on the 14th October 1965 aged just 51, leaving his widow Rudy behind.

Robert Harkell was born in Rugby in October 1919 to Lilian and Walter Harkell.

After the war Sgt Robert G Harkell 749495 (Wireless Operator/Air Gunner) became a a consulting engineer and travelled throughout much of the world. He was the son of Lillian and Walter Harkell from Market Harorough, Leicestershire. 

The Leicester Evening Mail on January 16, 1942, published the following short article:
INTERNED IN EIRE Sgt Robert Harkell, of Lathkill street, Market Harborough, who is in the RAF and is now an internee in Eire, states in letters to his parents he is very well looked after and that German internees there receive similar treatment. He Is allowed to wear civilian clothes, and providing they attend parole, the men are free for the remainder of the day.

His brother Bill made contact in 2012 to tell of what he knew about his brothers time. In 1946, Bill visited Athy in Kildare to stay with a family who had been friends with Robert during his time interned in Ireland. Bill provided the below account of his brother's time in internment and it is interesting to note the story of the 'escape' from Ireland. This is a common theme among the families of some of the internees. It would appear that a story arose after their release that they had escaped in the strange fashions they described. The files in the Irish Military Archives and the Irish and UK National Archives however tell a different and much more mundane story. The men in October 1943 were simply driven to the border with Northern Ireland and released to the authorities there. The airmen would have been sworn to the utmost secrecy at the time so it is understandable that the story arose. We will let Bill tell his brother story in any case:

My brother, Robert (Bob) Harkell, joined the RAF at the beginning of WWII and trained to become a Wireless Operator/AirGunner. He was a perfectionist and extremely fast and accurate with Morse Code.

In the RAF he flew missions with Coastal Command over the Atlantic protecting the military and civilian convoys sailing from the USA to England from the Nazi U-Boats. On one such mission the Whitley bomber had engine failure and according to one report had a propeller break on the other engine. They had to bail out and my brother landed near Galway Bay. In the landing he injured an ankle and was soon picked up by local police who contacted the Irish military authorities.

Eire was a neutral country and interned military personnel from both the Allies and the Axis powers. The internment camp was at the Curragh in County Kildare.

Ironically, I’ve since discovered on Google that the camp was originally built by the British to house Irishmen captured during Irish protests against British rule. I believe it was called the A-Lines while under British control.

It is the duty of a prisoner of war to try to escape and there were several attempts made that involved my brother. In one attempt I understand he was to act drunk and distract the guards while other prisoners tried to escape. Another escape was planned by tunneling under the barbed wire fences but that attempt was discovered, too.

In the 1940’s Roman Catholics and Protestants were very intolerant of one another. It is my understanding that anyone escaping from Curragh Camp had to choose the escape route that was safe for his religious affiliation. Bob was a Protestant so tried to escape along the Protestant route to Ulster.

My brother was helped by a Protestant family who had a farm near Athy. Their name was Kenny or Kenney.

On New Year’s Eve, 1946, my sister and I took the ferry from Holyhead to Dún Laoghaire to thank the Kenney family for the help they gave to my brother. It was a very rough crossing.

It was a very exciting trip for me. I was a 15 year old English Protestant going to a land where I knew the Brits were hated. (I understand why, too!)

We had a wonderful time on the Kenney farm but the highlight was riding into Athy in a trap drawn by a horse named Dahlia. That was 66 years ago and I still remember it very fondly. Eire is a beautiful country. It truly is the Emerald Isle.

After the RAF my brother returned to civilian life and became a consulting engineer to steel related companies and in 1948 married. He and Kay had 3 daughters.

His work was global in nature and he traveled extensively including stints in Europe and Canada. Two of his assignments included extended stays in Osaka, Japan and Cleveland, Ohio USA.

In 1997, during a celebration of their 50th wedding anniversary, Bob complained to me about chest pain. I have coronary artery disease so Bob wondered if his pain might be angina. Unfortunately, upon investigation, it was much worse.

Bob’s work in the many steel factories where air quality including considerable quantities of asbestos dust was as yet uncontrolled, made him a prime candidate for mesothilioma, a specific cancer in the lungs. He was diagnosed and died within a year. My wife(Mary) and I, flew over to visit him, but by then Bob was being moved into hospice. He died shortly after our visit.

Robert married after the war.  His wife, Kay, was herself the widow of an RAF Bomber Command officer, the two having had a tragically short marriage of only a few weeks before his death over Germany.  Robert's grand-daughters were able to provide the following group photo which appears to show some of the British internees.  The two men standing at the right hand rear of the photo in civilian attire were identified by Reggie Darling, who grew up in the Curragh area, as Alex Lyons on the left with Ernie Lyons to the right. Ernie was a champion TT Rider in the 1930s and his brother was also involved. Reggie understands that the photo was taken on the day of the marriage of Eileen Lewis to Canadian internee, Roswell F Tees.  Eileen's father, Jack Lewis, was the manager of the Wesleyn Home in the Curragh Camp (a recreation centre and canteen).  Reggie could not identify the 3rd civilian in the middle of the back row. Alex and Ernie came from Kill Co. Kildare and in fact Ernie only died on 07 Feb 2014 aged 100 years.  Those faces that can be identified are believed to be:

In the front row of the photo, from left to right

Sgt Robert George HARKELL 749495
Sgt Norman Vyner TODD 551678
Sgt William BARNETT 973926  
Sgt David SUTHERLAND 51946 

It seems most likely that the tall man standing at the very left of the photo is Sgt Herbert Wain RICKETTS 581473.
The airman with the light coloured hair standing at the middle is Sgt George Victor JEFFERSON 816145

Also among Robert's photos and records were these images taken of him and of the Curragh internment camp.

Around 1962, Robert Harkell was in correspondence with Galway man Leo Sheridan, mentioned below, and provided the following recollections to Leo. 

"On the night in question, we were obliged to abandon the aircraft due to severe mechanical trouble which was tearing the starboard engine out of the wing, causing tremendous vibration and causing smoke to enter the fuselage.  I believe that we were above cloud, unaware of the presence of town below and flying towards the north (probably west of north).  We had previously been flying east of south and had turned on reciprocal.  I cannot remember what length of time had passed between turning and running into mechanical trouble, nor do I know whether a steady course was being flown during the period of this trouble until we baled out.  The pilot was certainly fighting to gain height and it has always been my clear impression that he mentioned that we had 5,000 ft as our height when jumping commenced.  Of the crew of five, only the first and third man out survived; being the third man, no survivor left after I did, and therefore no one can say what happened afterwards.   

Having said that I can give no proof, let me at once say that I believe that your main theory could well be correct, for the following reasons.

Firstly, the man himself.  Although I knew him little, for I was flying as a replacement airgunner on this particular flight and was not a regular member of F/O Dear’s crew, he struck me without question as the type who would, in the circumstances, do as you believe he did.  Secondly, we had on board, a large depth charge which had not been jettisoned due to our knowledge that we were over land.  Thirdly, and most important of all, that our Captain presumably went down with the Whitley, since his body was never recovered.  In view of our original height and certainly of the length of time during which I was able to hear the aircraft still flying after I left it, there should have been ample time for both pilots to have jumped clear.  (Whilst in interned at the Curragh camp I learned that the Captain had not been found and could not understand the reason in view of the adequate time available for jumping)."

Robert George Harkell died in August 1998 in Warwickshire.

The story of Whitley P5045 has stayed alive in the minds of people in Galway ever since the war. As early as the some witnesses were calling for a memorial to be raised to the crew. At this stage it was being claimed that the F/O Dear had selflessly stayed with the aircraft to steer it away from Galway and Salthill.  In the early 1990's one Leo Sheridan campaigned to have the wreckage found so that the weapons the aircraft carried could be made safe for shipping outside Galway. Mr. Sheridan was involved in a company who hoped to run a tourist submarine service in Galway Bay.

The crash is mentioned occasionally in the local Galway papers from 1962 onwards and as late as 2026, there was talk again about raising a memorial to P/O Dear on the perception that he had deliberately avoided crashing into Galway with the depth charge laden aircraft. Review of the wartime records and statements don't provide any concrete evidence to this conclusion. Witnesses to the aircraft in its final minutes felt that the crew were avoiding built up areas. The two survivors made no observations of that nature and sadly the pilots perished with the aircraft.  From his position in the cockpit, P/O Dear would been faced with unbuckling himself, and making his way out of his seat, and down to the right of and under his instrument panel to try access the escape hatch in the forward cabin floor.

Witnesses also believed they heard an explosion after the crash which might have been the sound of the aircraft's weapons detonating, but again, this is only assumption. What ever the truth might be behind the actions of the pilots in those last few minutes, it is certain that three young airmen lost their lives in a tragic accident.

The Whitley joined the RAF in 1937, but by the time the war began it was out classed as a bomber and as soon as they could be made available they were transferred to RAF Coastal Command for convoy protection and anti submarine work. Whitley P5045 was a Whitley V version, powered by two Rolls Royce Merlin X engines. A brief run down of the type is given in the profile below from the December 3rd, 1942 edition of the magazine, Flight.
 

Compiled by Dennis Burke, 2026, Dublin and Sligo. A big thank you to the Dear, Harkell and Midgley families, to Martin Gleeson and to the late Hayden Lawford who passed away in 2013. Also to James Keating of Galway and to Damien Quinn.